Building Meteorological Backup Artillery Products: Leveraging Upper Air DataReviewed

David Sládek, Michal Šustr, Jan Ivan, František Hudec

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 136-158 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.136-158

Accurate meteorological data is crucial for precise artillery fire, yet its availability can be compromised in combat conditions. This study investigates the impact of limited meteorological information on artillery accuracy and explores potential mitigation strategies. By analysing upperair data from a single weather station, we simulated various scenarios of reduced meteorological support. Our findings highlight the significance of meteorological factors on artillery performance and the potential consequences of inadequate data. We developed a foundational framework for offline artillery support products, emphasizing the need for robust methods to...

Possibility of Supporting the Activity of Infantry Units with Combat Unmanned Ground Systems During an Attack OperationReviewed

Jan Hrdinka, Jan Nohel, Jan Zezula, Jan Mazal

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 120-135 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.120-135

The article discusses the possibilities of joint deployment of combat unmanned ground vehicles with combat infantry units. It summarizes the deployment of these assets in past and present military operations, including the presentation of deployment experiences available from public sources, and examines the joint deployment of an infantry squad with an unmanned ground combat platform during an attack operation. Using a constructive simulation, it presents the results of the deployment of an infantry squad during an attack operation with and without the support of a combat unmanned ground vehicle. As part of the discussion, he develops the ideas necessary...

Challenges of the Tactical Leader in the Context of Multinational Military Operations ProcessReviewed

Robert-Marian Alixandrescu

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 104-119 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.104-119

This study explores the main challenges faced by leaders within the multinational military operations process. Based on the aspects addressed in the literature review, the questionnaire survey method will be applied to a representative sample of military personnel who had participated in various multinational activities, as tactical leaders. The findings reveal that the most significant challenges perceived by leaders include linguistic barriers, command and control (C2) issues, and differences in training, endowment, and doctrine, with planning identified as the most challenging operational phase. Statistical analysis further indicates that experienced...

Application of Decision-Making Support Model in the Operations Planning Process at the Tactical LevelReviewed

Marko Radovanović, Miša Živković, Marko Crnogorac

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 85-103 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.085-103

The paper is focused on research of military operations planning with the purpose of defining an efficient decision-making model at the tactical level for brigade-level offensive operation. Suggested model applies methods of multi-criteria decision-making – DIBR II (Defining Interrelationships Between Ranked Criteria II) and EDAS (Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution) in order to decrease subjectivity while evaluating and ranking criteria, but also to select the most optimal course of action (COA). DIBR II method is used for the evaluation and determination of criteria coefficients, while the EDAS method enables choice between the most...

Perspectives of Clausewitz’s Center of GravityReviewed

Ján Spišák

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 70-84 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.070-084

The center of gravity in military affairs represents a dominant element of military art, used in the planning and conduct of military operations. The doctrine defines it as the main source of power that provides the actor with his strength, freedom of action and/or the will to fight. This article examines Clausewitz’s concept of center of gravity through selected philosophical perspectives and clarifies its significance in military theory and practice. It presents the doctrinal development of the concept, discusses its context, and concludes that the concept of the center of gravity remains a key doctrinal and practical element of operational art.

Are There Real Global Catastrophic Biological Risks?Reviewed

Aleš Macela, Vanda Boštíková

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 55-69 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.055-069

Biosafety and biodefense (i.e. all countermeasures preventing the spread of biological agents in the environment and population) are on the regular agenda of states and their militaries. Somewhat aside are global catastrophic biological risks (GCBR), which can destroy human society as a biological species. Although a precise definition of what constitutes a global catastrophic biological risk is still being sought, it can be considered the impact of potential global catastrophic risks (GCR) on the social, economic and biological structure of human existence. This implies that GCBRs are a subset of GCRs. It is also open to discussion whether in...

Military or Militancy: How to Navigate Media Objectivity in Reporting on National SecurityReviewed

Sidra Agha

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 37-54 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.037-054

This study aimed to explore the media’s perception of the military and militant activities, focusing on journalists’ professional conduct and their commitment to the national cause. In-depth interviews were conducted with Pakistani journalists reporting from conflict zones. The findings suggest that Pakistan is engaged in a war on terror and that the media plays a key role in glorifying the security forces in their fight against militants who challenge the authority of the state. Journalists expressed the view that the government and military should take realistic measures to combat this threat. While journalists described militants...

Social Media as a Tool for Profiling Potential Intelligence Service Sources. How are the Military Students Doing?Reviewed

Libor Kutěj

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 24-36 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.34.2025.01.024-036

The article addresses the use of social media intelligence (SOCMINT) as a tool for recruiting and selecting souces by foreign intelligence services, with an emphasis on the risks it poses to students in military studies at national military universitiy. It analyzes the specific ways in which SOCMINT enables foreign intelligence agencies to effectively gather personal data and profile potential collaborators from both public and private information shared online. Research conducted among students of the University of Defense and other institutions revealed that military students share comparable types of information on social networks as their...

Generál Maurice PelléOther

Redakce, gen. E.D. Mittelhauser

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 126-127

Logistics planning as one of the planning domains of defence planning in the Ministry of Defence Department of the Slovak RepublicNonreviewed

Viera Frianová

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 105-119

This paper deals with the issue of logistics planning – one of the seven planning domains of defence planning in the Ministry of Defence Department of the Slovak Republic. In the framework of the descriptive research problem, the author was looking for an answer to the question: How is logistics planned in the defence planning system at the departmental level? The article contains the results of theoretical and empirical research carried out on the given issue. The author explains the main theoretical background of the research issue, describesin more detail the methodology of logistics planning in the conditions of the department as well as...

Civil War in Myanmar. Causes, Actors, DevelopmentReviewed

Miroslav Nožina

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 91-104 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.04.091-104

The civil war in Myanmar has been going on for more than seven decades. After the military coup in February 2021, it has undergone significant structural changes and gained new momentum. The causes of the conflict lie in the inability of different ethnic and political groups to find a way to coexist within a single state entity and the autonomisation of the military. The main actors in the war in Myanmar today are the military junta and its supporters, the democratic opposition and ethnic organisations. After the coup, the strength of the resistance movement and its operational capabilities are growing. However, this growth has its limits, given the...

The Modern War Veteran: Identifying Needs, Problems and Risky FactorsReviewed

Marcela Trávníčková, Jitka Laštovková, Benjamin Petruželka, Miroslav Barták

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 70-90 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.04.070-090

This article examines the needs and problems of the modern war veterans and identifies factors that may contribute to making them a  high-risk group. It uses data from two questionnaire surveys. The respondents were war veterans leaving active service and war veterans who left active service less than ten years ago. The analysis shows that participation in the mission has a negative impact mainly on the family and relationships, and that the most common problems on leaving active service are related to finances and finding a new job. Further, few factors have been identified that may contribute to a high-risky group: less than nineteen years of service,...

Constructive Simulation in Tactical Level Planning: Options for Optimizing Engineer SupportReviewed

Ota Rolenec, Martin Sedláček, Martin Vlkovský

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 51-69 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.04.051-069

This article deals with the use of constructive simulation software in the planning process of military engineer staff personnel. The possibilities regarding the implementation of MASA SWORD simulation software are demonstrated on specific data from the Engineer Support Management Course, with overlapping applications to other specialized military troops. Three scenarios were used for the simulations, which were practiced and verified during the course’s  exercise. Each scenario was evaluated in silico within the simulation environment, incorporating analytical and graphical outputs. Utilizing the MASA SWORD analytical module, each scenario underwent...

Weapon System Acquisition Process Utilizing Design Simulation as Decision SupportReviewed

Jan Drozd, Josef Procházka

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 37-50 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.04.037-050

The selection of optimal weapon systems is crucial for national defense. Traditional empirical methods struggle to address the complexities of modern warfare. This article explores the potential of constructive simulation for informed decision-making in this domain. Simulating tactical operations with complex variables, such as terrain, enemy actions, and system interoperability, provides valuable insights into weapon effectiveness. This enables the optimization of acquisitions in line with strategic goals. Design simulation allows for the exploration of factors difficult to test comparison of armament configurations, analysis of enemy tactics, and...

Enhancing Decision-Making Resilience through Mission Command. The particular case of UkraineReviewed

Paul Tudorache, Maria Constantinescu

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 20-36 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.04.020-036

The purpose of this paper is to present some particularities of mission command during the conflict in Ukraine. Intended as a  framework of analysis, it describes the ways in which the involved parties manage warfighting from the perspective of practicing mission command as a method to enhance military effectiveness. Using qualitative methods, combining literature review, critical analysis of relevant resources, comparative analysis and indirect observation, the findings are related to aspects of mission command that are critical for enhancing operational and decision-making resilience, through identifying and examining various situations involving...

Resistance Operating Concept as a Tool for Increasing the Resilience of the StateReviewed

Radek Dubec, Eva Nezvalová, Markéta Licková

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 3-19 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.04.003-019

The article describes the issue of implementing the Resistance Operating Concept as part of a comprehensive approach to ensuring the defense of the state and its resilience. The basic conditions necessary for the introduction of that instrument are sought, and a comparative analysis of selected European countries that started to build a resistance movement is carried out. The article further describes the strategic definition of the resistance movement in the conditions of the Czech Republic, the legislative definition of the resistance movement and its anchoring in the framework of mental law, and the connection of the resistance movement to individual...

Printed 100 years agoNonreviewed - Other

redakce

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 145-163

Dear readers,We would like to present to you an article published in our journal in No. 1/1924. It is the contribution by CPT GS Františka Coufala "Battle of Tannenberg 1914".You can read or download the continuation of this article on the website of our journal www.vojenskerozhledy.cz in the Archive menu.

Challenges for Teaching Foreign Languages (French, German, Russian) at the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic in the Current Geopolitical SituationNonreviewed - Other

Ladislav Baumgartner, Iveta Macháčková, Zbyněk Rektořík, Jana Tomšů

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 129-144

The language training within the Ministry of Defence [MoD] of the Czech Republic is primarily focused on English. However, in accordance with the Concept of Personnel Training for the Needs of the MoD, the MoD provides language training in other foreign languages as well. The language teaching is the responsibility of the Language Centre of the University of Defence Brno [CJV UO] and includes English, French, German and Russian. The aim of this article is to compare the activities of the CJV UO with similar language centres in the defence departments of Germany, Austria and France and to present the teaching of French, German and Russian within the...

Liability for Health Damage - Public vs Private AreaReviewed - Review

Ondřej Horák, Leopold Skoruša, Radim Vičar, Tomáš Zbořil

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 110-128 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.110-128

The article deals with the comparison of refunds of non-material damage in public and private area. In the public area is analyzed legal regulation on health injuries in service relations, in private area is discussed legal regulation on health injuries in civil law and labour law. Particular attention will be focused on the transfer of compensation in the event of injury to the heirs - while in service relationships, such claims are extinguished by death (not transferred on the heirs), which was taken over from the 1960s legislation, in current private law, do not cease if they have been recognized or at least brought in court. The aim of the paper...

Evaluation of the Annual Physical Training Examination and Possible Suggestions for Change in the Endurance Discipline of RunningReviewed - Research

Jiří Néma, Petr Lašák, Libor Wawrzacz, Vladimír Pavlík

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 91-109 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.091-109

The annual examination is an integral part of the physical training system of a soldier of the Army of the Czech Republic, which assesses his physical fitness. This assessment provides dual feedback - it informs examinees of how they are performing against normative tables and each other, and at the same time, gives commanders an idea of the current physical fitness of their subordinates. This thesis focuses on the endurance event of the 12-minute run (also known as the Cooper test). Based on data from 2011 to 2021 and nearly 50,000 evaluated tests, the potential effects of age on soldiers' physical performance and appropriate adjustments to individual...

Leadership as a Fundamental Factor for Human Societies Progress - a Historical Review of the Leadership TheoriesReviewed - Research

Elitsa Petrova

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 76-90 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.076-090

The article attempts to make a historical review of leadership theories and, on this basis, to derive their approximate systematization. The article emphasizes the importance of the phenomenon of leadership as a major factor in the management of human resources and security in human societies. The exposition goes through the various leadership theories that have existed to date. The research methodology includes etymological analysis, historical analysis, content analysis, the methods of induction and deduction, reveals logical connections and dependencies between related and similar concepts and phenomena.

Integrating Emerging Technologies in Military Maintenance and Repairs: An Overview of Current Status, Opportunities and ChallengesReviewed - Review

Milan Vábek, Ondřej Novosad, Miroslav Pecina, Jan Kotisa

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 62-75 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.062-075

Maintenance and repair (M&R) of military equipment are crucial for operational readiness. The article highlights challenges faced by military forces, particularly in the US, with significant equipment non-operable due to inefficient M&R. It emphasizes modernizing M&R through Predictive Maintenance (PM) and 3D Printing (AM). PM employs AI and data analytics for real-time monitoring and foreseeing malfunctions, signifying a strategic shift in M&R. AM significantly curtails downtime by enabling on-demand spare parts production, presenting a solution to traditional military M&R challenges. The article also underscores the economic advantages...

NATO Support and Procurement Agency: a Powerful Instrument of Collaborative LogisticsReviewed - Research

Radka Lopourová, Richard Funiok, Josef Procházka

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 44-61 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.044-061

The paper evaluates the level of cooperation between the Ministry of Defence and the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) in the field of procurement of military equipment. In the practical part, the results of the research on the level of participation of Czech-based suppliers in NSPA activities between 2018 and 2022 are presented. Pareto analysis comparing the participation of the Czech and international companies in contracts implemented by NSPA in terms of their subject, quantity and financial value is used. Qualitative case studies from three different areas illustrate in which NSPA projects the Czech Republic has already been involved in...

NATO, 2% to Defense, 20% to Equipment: Cumulative Nature of Military Spending and the Role of the Economic PerformanceReviewed - Research

Jan Kofroň

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 27-43 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.027-043

Military spending is a widely discussed topic, especially in the current geopolitical landscape. Expenditures on "equipment" play a pivotal role in total defense spending.. However, the nature of the equipment expenditures is cumulative. Thus, when trying to estimate the capability of a state we should consider a longer period, not just one year. The aim of this article is, therefore, to offer (i) an exploratory analysis of the cumulative equipment expenditures of NATO countries between 2014-2023 and (ii) to verify - by using OLS multivariate regression - the extent to which the GDP per capita primarily drives these expenditures (adjusted per soldier),...

The Bucharest Nine Part of NATO's Eastern Flank: an Analysis of Military Investment on EquipmentReviewed - Research

Vojtěch Müllner, Kamil Nečas

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 3-26 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.03.003-026

An important part of NATO's deterrence and defence role is its military presence in the eastern part of the Alliance's territory, represented by the Bucharest Nine (B9). The ability of this group to fulfil its strategic mission depends on the condition of the military equipment at its disposal. The number of pieces of military equipment and their combat capability are determined by the investment in military equipment. In the context of the pledge to spend at least 20 % of total defence expenditure on military equipment, it appears that between 2004 and 2022 there is a steep increase of defence investment gap, followed by a partial absorption of the...

The formation of artillery in the Czechoslovak legions in RussiaNonreviewed - Other

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 183-196

The article deals with the formation of artillery in the Czechoslovak legions in Russia. Using information drawn from contemporary sources and books from the 1930s, it presents the basic milestones that were at the birth of this important part of the Czechoslovak legions.

Construction of Temporary Bridges after Floods in SloveniaNonreviewed - Other

Martin Benda, Jan Sobotka

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 167-182

The paper deals with the process of constructing temporary bridges after the devastating floods that hit Slovenia at the beginning of August. The Czech Republic has decided to donate three TMS (heavy bridge set) bridges to the Republic of Slovenia as part of humanitarian aid. The article describes the process from the dispatch of a reconnaissance team, through the evaluation of the reconnaissance, to the construction itself. The paper is based on the experiences and observations of the author, who took part in all the processes as a direct participant.

Characteristics of Forcible Entries into Objects and an Experimental Assessment of the Potential Impact of Fragments Scattering on Training Safety when Using Fence ChargeReviewed - Research

Ota Rolenec, Pavel Maňas, Tibor Palasiewicz

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 147-166 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.02.147-166

The article focuses on the characteristics of forcible entries into objects and the term "breaching", which is often used interchangeably with this activity. The article further addresses the issue of fragments scattering when using a charge to overcome chain-link fences. The introductory chapter describes the execution of training in this field using the exercise facilities that are built for this purpose in military training areas. When conducting explosive forcible entry training, the safe distance for intervening teams and non-participants is determined using given formulas. The purpose of the simulation, mathematical calculations and experiment...

Arson Attacks in Israel - History and Options for the Elimination of Inincendiary BalloonsReviewed - Review

Alena Slavíková, Martin Křepský, František Racek, Antonín Novotný

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 130-146 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.02.130-146

The article concerns the issue of arson attacks in Israel.The issue of terrorism in Israel is quite broad, given that it is a very common phenomenon here and Israel deals with terrorism on a daily basis. The paper therefore focuses on incendiary balloons, a weapon that repeatedly caused fires around the Gaza Strip between 2018-2023. It examines their history, their design, outlines the possibilities of their elimination, the advantages and disadvantages of possible technical solutions, and a reflection on the future of their usage.

Military Will in the Czech Civil CodeReviewed - Review

Pavel Salák

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 116-129 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.02.116-129

The text is dedicated to the analysis of the legal regulation of military wills in the new Civil Code (Law No. 89/2012 Coll.). It places it in a historical legal context. However, priority attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the current legal regulation and potential issues that this regulation brings. It also briefly mentions other options for last dispositions that a soldier could use. The legal regulation of military wills in the Civil Code can be characterized as very well conceived, reflecting the reality of foreign missions. The fact that it takes the form of a public document is also significant if the relevant requirements are met....